Wednesday, October 30, 2024

Seasonal Halloween Beers

As the days draw close to Halloween, or historically known as All Hallows Eve, breweries up and down the country batten down the hatches and fire up their cauldrons as they prepare their annual mystical brews to ward off the evil spirits. In more common sense terms, it’s been a well-known fact that a number of breweries over the years have created seasonal beers in order to cash in on the Halloween season.  When we think of beers that have links to the supernatural, nightmare and other tropes of the horror genre, immediately the likes of Ghost Ship (4.5% - Adnams) and Trooper (4.7% - Robinson’s) come to mind, yet this a lazy assumption, since these examples are sold all year round, and are frequently retailed in many supermarkets and shops. There are a number of beers of this nature that fit into this bracket, like well-known regional examples like Exmoor Beast (6.6%), Pendle Witches Brew (5.1% - Moorhouse’s), Grim Reaper (6% - Keltek) and Hamster of Doom (5.8% - Ridgeway) for instance, they may be mistaken for Halloween themed beers yet these examples don’t count as these are brewed and sold throughout the year. To truly inhabit the title of a genuine Halloween beers, these releases are generally only sold during a limited period during the Autumn months. Little is known about these elusive ales as they are generally regional specific (sold in a limited area), sold primarily in cask only and on the whole haven’t seen nationwide coverage, particularly in the festival circuit. Yet in the dark nooks of the country’s floorboards lie a treasure trove of intriguing examples that celebrate the spookiest season of the year. 


Most breweries tend to stick to conventional subject matters like witches, werewolves, ghosts or even the humble pumpkin when it comes to naming their beers, witchcraft seems to top the list with examples like Hop Pot (3.8% - A.J.’s Ales), a wry title that is reflected in the pump clip which features an amusing pump clip featuring three witches boiling hops in a cauldron; Broomstick (4.2% - Evans, Evans) once described as a spookily dark amber beer; Hubble Bubble (4.4% - Charnwood) that echoes the iconic scene in Shakespeare’s Macbeth, 3 Witches (4.4% - Oakham) which was first brewed in 2005, the pump clip features three staff members from the time appearing as witches peering over a steaming cauldron; and Witch’s Brew (4.3% - Grainstore) which the brewery’s marketing department labelled as "a magically hopped beer, whose secret combination is known by few. Ghoulishly golden brown with a mysteriously pronounced aroma designed to bewitch the most hardened of drinker keeping away deadly spirits! Ghosts are also another popular subject matter with the likes of Phantasm (4.5% - Acorn) a suitably eerie Pale Ale brewed with New Zealand hops that was notably once sold of House of Commons bar in October 2018; or White Lady (4% - Lincoln Green) whose name is inspired by the ghostly apparition that is usually in seen in rural areas and is often associated with tragedy, such as murder, suicide and betrayal; even brewing giants like Greene King have cashed in on the act with their noteworthy Halloween staple Gangly Ghoul (4.2% - Greene King) that has been haunting pubs for over a decade. Werewolves also frequent the pump clips like Complete Howler (4.3% - Nethergate), a beverage seemingly inspired by ancient brewing traditions combined with modern innovations to create a timeless brew, Ravening Wolf (5.9% - Wantsum), whose nickname was given to Odo, Earl of Kent and half-brother of William the Conqueror, who was tried for defrauding the crown and Howler (4.2% - Wolf), which the brewery describe as a terrifyingly flavoursome golden ale, one of a wolf themed beers produced by the company.  Pumpkins are another popular draw for breweries, a notable example is Farmer's Jack O' Lantern (4.5% - Bradfield) a light hopped bitter that has been doing the rounds on a annual basis since 2010, and has since become available in mini-kegs and more recently in 330ml bottles.

Sometimes breweries stray away from these common themes and come up with intriguing names like Neewolah (4% - Salopian) which is basically Halloween spelt backwards, Harry Porter (5.2% - Milestone) a cynical take on the name of the main character from the series of popular children’s books and films; Strange Brew (4.1% - Twickenham Ales), a dark golden ale made with five different hops that intially resulted from the wrong malt going into the brew, Cornish Scream (4.3% - Skinners) once described as the original Cornish beer of Halloween, meanwhile the likes of Merlin's Ale (4.2% - Broughton) takes it's name from the claim that the legendary wizard lived in the Caledonian Forest and was buried in Broughton; Tormit Heed (4.9% - Firebrick) is inspired by the old Geordie slang for Turnip (pronounced Tormit) and until the late 18th century, Turnip Heads were used a jack o' lanterns before Pumpkins were widley adopted; whilst Frightfully Pale (4.3% - Rudgate) goes against the grain by presenting an exceptionally pale beer and Witch Hunt (4.2% - Bishop Nick) which strays away from witchcraft and instead memorialises the imprisonment and execution of Bishop of London, Nicholas Ridley who was burnt at the stake in 1555 for charges of heresy, whom happens to be the ancestor of the brewery’s current owner Nelion Ridley; whilst others tend to echo the spirit of the season like Treacle Treat (4.2% - Wadworth), a dark ale flavoured with treacle that conjures up childhood memories of walking down dark neighbourhood streets on the prowl for handfuls of sweets. Pumpkin spiced ales have increasingly become a popular draw since they were imported from the US, though breweries in the UK initially tended to stray away from their transatlantic cousins and combined elements of this style with local brewing traditions. Pumpkinhead (4.2% - Bridgehouse) is a notable early example first released in 2011, a copper coloured beer with an even bitter-sweet flavour profile and a dash of pumpkin; Warlock (4% - Dorset Brewing Co.) which first appeared in 2014, a traditional best bitter brewed with fresh pumpkin in the mix, latterly in 2016, New River Brewery marked their 50th brew with the release of Pumped Up! (4.2% - New River), a golden ale flavoured with pumpkin, spices and subtle hop flavourings. Although a vast number of these Halloween themed seasonal beers have appeared in beer festivals throughout the UK, only a small proportion have been met with success. In 2013, Gothic Stout (5.2% - Enville) won a couple of plaudits including 1st place at the Stoke-on-Trent Beer Festival and West Midlands Beer of the Year, Complete Howler (4.3% - Nethergate) was awarded gold medal at the Norwich beer festival in 2016, Hocus Pocus (4.6% - Loddon) won Silver in the Dark Bottle Beers category at the SIBA Beer Competition 2012, Gold (Bottled and Canned Dark Beers) at SIBA Midlands 2018, Gold (Old Ale and Strong Mild) – Gold in the Champion Winter Beer of Britain 2020; and more recently Stonedead (6.66% - Lymestone) won the Platinum Service Award from Best of British Beer. Perhaps the most high profile example is Black Cat (3.8% - Moorhouse’s), a legendary black mild which has been met with much praise since it first clawed its way onto the scene, it has won a number of awards over the years, including Champion Beer of Britain – Bronze (1998), Champion Beer of Britain – Gold (2000), Champion Beer of Britain (Mild) – Gold (1998 & 2000), Champion Beer of Britain (Mild) – Bronze (2002),  International  Brewing Industry Awards – Gold (2004), Gold (2011), Bronze (2013) to name but a few, proving that even Halloween themed beers can top the charts.

 

Over time most of these breweries tend to only have released one Halloween themed beer on a seasonal basis, though occasionally some have multiple examples in their books like A.J.’s Ales whom boast the likes of Hop Pot (3.8%) and The Devil Made Me Do It (5.2%), Salopian whom seasonally showcase the likes of Neewollah (4%) and Voodoo (4.5%) in their yearly schedules, or Milestone who feature such examples like Harry Porter (5.2%) and Wicked Witch (4.5%) in their books. Moreover, the Brentwood Brewing Co. have a history of producing Halloween themed seasonal beers such as Devil’s Dyke (4.8%), Haunted Holmes (4.4%), and their current release Spooky Moon (3.8%). Occasionally, breweries have produced alternative versions of their iconic brews, building on the success of their Gothic Stout (5.2%), they have also produced Ginger Gothic (5.2%), Cherry Gothic (5.2%) and a rare Summer only version called Summer Stout (5.2%) in 2016, all using the same base recipe. Meanwhile, Leatherbritches have developed a higher strength release of their Scary Hairy (5.9%) with a 7.2% export version, and Loddon have produced Hocus Pocus – Spiced (4.6%) an alternate version of their flagship old ale Hocus Pocus (4.6%) with the addition of cinnamon, clove and orange peel, which debuted in 2019. Yet Moorhouse’s has to claim the title for the most revisions of an existing beer, in this case  their flagship release Black Cat (3.8%) which includes the like Black Cat Reserve (4.6%) brewed with Junga hops, Blacker Cat (4.1%), a strong version also called Black Cat Reserve (7%), and a rare bottle only release (5%) to name but a few. Although many of these Halloween beers are uniquely produced, some rather cunningly are rebrands of established well known-beers, marketed as seasonal limited edition releases where in fact they are not. Obvious examples like Old Spooky Hen (4.8% - Moorland) are clear to see, whilst more opaque instances like Skull Attack (4.2% - Brains) is just a rebrand of the brewery’s flagship beer S.A. (4.2%), and Scary Mary (3.5% - Ilkley) similarly is a Halloween version of the brewery’s most notable product Mary Jane (3.5%). Sometimes brewers utilize existing core-range beers as the basis for their seasonal Halloween releases, such as Halloween Scream (4.7% - Kent), a special version of their flagship release Lemon Scream (4.7%) which debuted in 2021, it turns the original recipe on its head by turning it into a Black IPA with the addition of chocolate malt into the mix, or Fruit Bat (5.5% - Green Jack), first released in 2008, a strong bitter based on the brewery’s earlier release Gone Fishing (5.5%), but with the addition of plums to give off a sweeter and fruity flavour. The latter example is intriguing to note, as despite the fact it’s generally sold only around the Autumn months, the brewery offers to brew and sell it to consumers throughout the year on request. There are other examples of this hybrid approach, Ravening Wolf (5.9% - Wantsum) is available in bottle and mini-keg throughout the year despite it being only seasonally available on cask during October/ November, the same goes for the likes of Hocus Pocus (4.6% - Loddon) and Scary Hairy (5.9% - Leatherbritches) which are sold in bottle all year round, despite only being sold in cask around the Halloween period.

 

The variety of seasonal Halloween beer that are produced by breweries based all over the country are an intriguing bunch, whilst many feature original recipes, some are basically straightforward rebranding’s of core-range beers but with a different pump clip and name, though occasionally breweries push the boat out and develop new beers based on existing and established releases and thrown in some added ingredients to jazz things up like Fruit Bat (5.5% - Green Jack) or Halloween Scream (4.7% - Kent), for example. A large number of these seasonal releases tend to revolve around styles like Bitter, Best or ESB for instance and there’s nothing spooky about that. Yet there is a growing number that have increasingly diversified in there styles, from Black IPA’s, Porter, Old Ale, Blonde Ale, Stout and even Mild. There has been steady increase in the number of Pumpkin spiced ales, and even Red Ales are gaining proliferation, beers like Wicked Witch (4.5% - Milestone), Hubble Bubble (4.4% - Charnwood), Grim Reaper (5.5% - Wantsum)Blood Moon (4.3% - Derby Brewing), Poltergeist (4.2% - Elgood’s) and most recently Witch Hare (4.5% - Moon Gazer) are brewed in this manner and are suitably the colour of blood, which perfectly suits the spirit of the season. The success of these ‘established’ seasonal releases has not only led to a slew of awards for these beers, but building on their popularity, breweries have since released many of these beers in bottle conditioned or mini-keg form, with some examples going onto being sold all year round, due to their longer shelf life than cask. The production of seasonal Halloween beers goes back to at least the 1990’s, whilst many greats over the years have vanished into oblivion, others have remained, indeed established stalwarts like 3 Witches (4.4% - Oakham), Black Cat (3.8% - Moorhouse’s), Voodoo (4.5% - Salopian) and Fruit Bat (5.5% - Green Jack) have returned to the hand-pumps on a seasonal basis for over 15 years, and a number of breweries mentioned have brought back these seasonal Halloween themed releases on an annual basis more or less since they were first released. Moreover, the development of new and upcoming seasonal beers continues apace with examples like Hellfire (4.3% - Tring), Newsome Nightmare (4.3% - Great Newsome), Fallen Angel, Black & Chrome (5% - Church End)Bloodhound (4.4% - Nethergate/ Greene King) and Reaper’s Wish (4.3% - Oakham) being released this month. This evidently shows that clamour for new Halloween themed beers has not flayed away and will continue to creep around pubs for years to come.


 



Sunday, October 27, 2024

Beer Review: Greene King Abbot Reserve

Brewery: Greene King


Style: Strong Ale


ABV: 6.5%


Location: Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk


Aroma: Distinct hints of fruitcake, with notes of toffee, treacle, oak and a notable sherry like quality that helps intoxicate the senses, and helps give an added dimension to the depth of aromas.


Colour: Dark brown with a ruby tingey, beset with a fluffy two finger white head that takes a while to dissipate, yet remains its composure longer after pouring.


Taste: There's a distinct maltiness that comes through in the foreground, hints of treacle, berry fruits, sherry and oak are notable, with a shade of sweetness that is isn't too overwhelming. The persistent head helps give it a creamy mouthfeel which adds to the drinking experience. 


Verdict: A tasty number with plenty of maltiness and hints of bitterness. The use of hops are noticeable without being too overwhelming, but help give it a warming quality. The range of flavours ranging from fruitcake to sherry like sweetness are notable, making it reminiscent of a trappist beer. A decent example of a strong ale, ideal for those who are unfamilliar with this style. 


Rating: 7/10




Monday, October 21, 2024

St Albans Beer & Cider Festival 2024

Another year, another festival; at the end of last month I was down at the St Albans Beer & Cider Festival, which has been held at the Alban Arena since 1996. This visit was my fourth (since 2012) and I was eager to see what was different since my visit last year. There have been some changes since last year, in addition to their stalwart Herts, National and International Bars, this year they have included showcase bars for American cask beer producers and a regional spotlight bar for breweries based around Merseyside, along with brewery bars for new additions to the festival Oakham, Siren Craft Beer and Timothy Taylor's alongside established favourites like Mad Squirrel and Tring for example. As usual I attended on the final day of the festival, however unlike other festivals I've gone to in the past where I've often experienced a dearth of supplies, the organisers rather niftly made sure that a good number of beers and ciders were still in stock, even to the point of postponing the availability of some beers to later in the day; this came to my advantage as it gave us the oppertunity to try out more beers and ciders. 



For my first beer I went local, from a brewery that's only 4.7 miles away; I sampled English Ale (4%) by 3 Brewers, one of their flagship releases it is sold at a number of local pubs in the area, but I was intrigued to try this local offering, despite it's low sessionable strength, it was bitter and rather hoppy with strong malty notes, despite looking like your run-of-the-mill amber coloured ale, its potent mix of flavours made it seem stronger than its ABV suggests, although far from outstanding, it was a decent start to the proceedings. For my next beer I visited one of the brewery bars, and settled on Osset, a Yorkshire based brewery which encountered at last year's festival. I tried out some Voodoo (5%), although described by the brewery as a deliciously rich and full bodied stout, alas I was underwhelmed by the experience overall. Ganted it was smooth and creamy in mouthfell, with notes of coffee, chocolate and lactose making up for most of the flavour-profile. There was a mild hint of Orange somewhere in there, but it wasn't discenrable to the point that you couldn't really tell it was a Orange flavoured stout. Following a luncheon pie from the Real Pie Company, who have been regulars at the festival for a number of years, I sought to refresh my tastebuds and sample a Green Hop Beer. At this time of year, a number of breweries across the South East and the West Midlands produce these beers which involves brewing beers made with hops that were freshly picked within hours of brewing. This creates for a unique taste, so I went for the only such example avaialble at the festival, Green Hop Fuggles (4.2%) by Wantsum. One of a number of green hop beers by the brewery that showcase various hops, it has long been on my bucket list to try. From appearances it was your typical Golden Ale, but the flavours were more than otherwise. It was rather hoppy, exhuding grassy and floral notes that you can only get from freshly picked hops; it was richly dovetailed with a malty background that had hints of fruit, wood-smoke and tart elements. This beer was richly balance without being too hoppy, the brewers evidently understand how to take advantage of the flavour propertises from the hop variety. Needing some fresh-air I went back out into the courtyard and went in search of the Merseyside Bar. There were many beers to choose from, but I eventually settled on Peat Bog Porter (4.9%) by Big Bog brewery, whom at the time of writing have gone into administration so it was really the last chance to try it. Although described as a porter made with dark malts and real liquoriche root, I found it rather misleading. First their was lack of dark malts in the mix, far from looking a porter it resembled more a Brown Ale, which is popular in parts of Northern England. Otherwise it was malty, sweet with some fruitness present though the liquoriche flavours were rather muted which was rather a let down, when it promised so much. Feeling slightly bruised, I was still on the lookout for a proper traditional Porter, in the end I went to the Hertfordshire Bar, and tried out some London Porter (5%) by Mad Squirrel, another local brewer based in Potten End. Reasurringly it was dark, rich and smoky with a sharp bitterness in the foreground, supported by notes of roasted coffee and dark chocolate. It had a medium bodied mouthfeel with a touch of silky creaminess present, without being too cloying and heavy, with a dryness present on the back-end. For an old-school style Porter, it ticked all the boxes and delivered on the flavour front, it was easily beer of the festival in my opinion. 




After trying out a number of beers, we exited the festival for a brief sojurn down the Saturday market that is held weekly in this town. We passed along a bakery stall, and we purchased some baked goods to bring back with us, I ultimately went for a Pork Pie as I has cider on my mind. For the non beer drinkers, this festival caters for all, not only is there a Wine & Spirits bar, there is also the long-standing Cider and Perry bar, situated near the stage. A dizzying mixture of ciders and perries from various producers clogged the stands, varying in strength and flavour (from sweet to dry). My prefernce is generally for medium or sweet ciders, so I settled on Appley Dappley (5.2%) by Snails Bank. A rather unusual concoction, it combines bittersweet apples with Russet variety to create a distinct flavour, although I found it distinctly sweet, there was depth to the flavours. There were strong hints of vanilla and smokiness going on the background which added to the richness and flavour-profile of the cider, and although there was a hint of strength it was too noticeable, on the whole it was refreshing and rather quaffable cider, which went rather well with my Pork Pie, that helped bounce off and amplify the flavours. At this stage of the festival I usually go for stronger ales, although my senses were starting to diminish with every succesive drink. I ultimately went for The Union (6%) by Thornbridge, a classic English style IPA brewed using a Burton union set which the brewery recently acquired from Marstons. it certainly delivered on results, in the foreground their was a potent fruitness with hints of orange, caramel, oak and a whisp of sherry, this was backed up with a balanced hoppiness that deftly balanced with the other flavours without being overwhelming. The colour was a shimmering gold, whilst the mouthfeel was heavy bodied and cloying; this is not your typical IPA with overbearing notes of citrussy hoppiness, all the elements here combine into a maginficent showcase of flavours. For my final beer of the festival, I sampled Talk to the Palm (8.4%) by the London Brewing Company, another relatively local brewer (based in Finchley), I was keen to try out one of their beers, since I was eluded the oppertunity back at Ealing in July. A rather flavoursome Imperial Stout, although it was on the lower register of strength, the flavours were rather noticeable, there were distinct hints of sweetness, vine fruits with a background of spiciness from the bittersweet hops, thrown in was a potent malty background, that had notes of roasted and toasted bitterness without being too forceful, although there were hints of cocoanut it was difficult to determine in all this excitement; and at this strength beer starts tasting more like a spirit, and I sensed some vinous notes of Port and Sherry deep in the hedgrows, it was rounded off with a slick, heavy and creamy mouthfeel, that is typical of the style. 




The beer perfectly round off the proceedings, although by this time I was a little worse for wear, having sampled a great variety of beers. Whenever I visit a beer festival, I'm always on the lookout for variety in my glass, and it was great to see that this festival still had a number of options left avaiable, even on the last day. This festival is one of the biggest in the south-east and with the cessation of the Olympia as the venue for GBBF, along with Ealing it is one of the more high-profile festivals Londoners can easily travel to. For a Herts based beer festival, there is an excellent showcase of beers from producers around the county, but this deftly balanced by beers from producers based around the country, and the international, brewery and regional showcase bars make it seem like a condensed version of GBBF, with the slew of events such as cheese and beer tastings, auctions, talks and pub heritage tours adding to the proceedings. 50 years have passed since the first CAMRA beer festival was held at the Old Market Hall in March 1974, and in it's 27th year at the Alban Arena, the festival has helped showcase the vast nationwide legacy of breweries and beers that have come about over the years thanks to the pioneering efforts. This festival delivers on all fronts, and always provides a memorable and enjoyable experience for visitors. 

Monday, October 14, 2024

Beer Review: St Peter's Plum Porter

Brewery: St Peter’s

 

Style: Porter

 

ABV: 5%

 

Location: Bungay, Suffolk

 

Aroma: Notes of coffee, chocolate, roasted malt and hints of hedgerow fruits including plums and blackcurrant, with a residual tartness coming through in the background.

 

Colour: Jet black with ruby lacing shining through in the light. A frothy two finger head which persists long after pouring.

 

Taste: A strong almost astringent bitterness, a potent kick of roasted malts dominates the proceedings, followed by a chorus of jammy fruitiness coming from the abundant use of plums in the mix. Sweetness however is somewhat lacking; the mouthfeel is heavy and cloying with lacing present around the glass.

 

Verdict: A good effort for a plum porter, the use of plums in the mix doesn’t dominate and it allows the malt to take centre stage and remind the drinker that they are drinking a traditional porter rather an overly sweet fruit sours that seems to be abundant nowadays. The strong plum flavours neatly dovetail with the dry roasted malt bitterness, whilst the overall mouthfeel is creamy which adds to the drinking experience. Rather easy to drink, though the lack of natural sweetness from the plums and the slight hint of carbonations does affect the detract from the overall quality.

 

Rating: 8/10





Sunday, October 06, 2024

Sitcom Pubs

When it comes to notable pubs in sitcoms, we quickly think of well-known examples like The Nag’s Head in ‘Only Fool’s and Horses’, the favoured local for Del Boy, Rodney, Grandad (later Uncle Albert) and other regular characters, The Royal Oak in ‘Goodnight Sweetheart’ the staging post for many of Gary Sparrow’s time travelling exploits, Foley’s in ‘Mrs Brown’s Boys’ which seems to be the only place the character meet on a night out, or The Archer Hotel in ‘Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps’ that provides the centre-point for the main characters social life. Since the 1950’s we have witnessed many a character visit a pub in a sitcom, sometimes these places weren’t even named like Lee and Tim’s local in ‘Not Going Out’ merely referenced as the pub, occasionally these places are only referenced but never seen like The Feathers in ‘The Royle Family’ and on the rare instance entire sitcoms have been set within a pub, like The Grapes in ‘Early Doors’. All these pubs share common links, they are regular focal points of activities for the main characters, yet in reality most of these pubs don’t exist. Most of the time, these interiors were mocked up in the studio, and when the exteriors of real pubs were seen (on the rare occasion), the interiors generally didn’t match what was seen in the sitcoms. Despite these setbacks, in recent decades as sitcoms have moved out of the confines of the studio and away from the studio audience, production teams have gradually favoured the practise at filming on location at real pubs, though sometimes the exteriors and interiors were filmed at different establishments, and the continued practise of fictional name calling still exists, this is a significant progression from its studio bound origins. There are number of real pubs out there that have featured in iconic sitcoms, although many are still open, some have sadly since closed, repurposed or even demolished. Here is a potted guide to the various public houses, forms of camera-trickery and the lengths production teams took to feature pubs within the UK’s most iconic sitcoms.



Back in the day, sitcoms used to be filmed before a live studio audience and location filming was often seldom featured, apart from a few notable exceptions. For sitcoms that heavily featured pubs as a principal setting, in order to give an air of authenticity, production teams would sometimes shoot exteriors outside real pubs, even-though on many an occasion the interiors would invariably hardly match their fake studio-bound counterparts. The earliest known example dates from the 'Steptoe and Son' episode 'Loathe Story' broadcast in 1972, where the exterior of the Latimer Arms, North Kensington appears in a flashback sequence, it stood for the fictional Skinner Arms where a young Harold is seen sitting in the rag and bone cart waiting for his father. Sometimes exterior shots were featured on a rare occasional basis, for instance The Greyhound which heavily as Alf Garnett’s local in ‘In Sickness and in Health’, the exterior is only seen twice, firstly in the fourth episode of series 1 when a drunken Alf wheels Else out of the pub, and again in the opening title sequence from Series 2 onwards. Despite it being set in West Ham, it was filmed at The Greyhound in Shepherd’s Bush, conveniently near the studios at Television Centre. The pub was built in 1892, initially run by Isleworth Brewery then taken over by Watney Combe Reid and latterly by Enterprise Inns, the pub closed in 2017. Another example of this practise is The Crown in 'Men Behaving Badly', which is the local pub for Gary and Tony (plus Dermot!) in the series. Although it features in most episodes, exterior shots are seldom seen; yet in the episode 'The Good Pub Guide' it begins with the duo walking up to the pub where they meet new landlord Ken, location footage was filmed at The Greyhound in Hammersmith, a large multi-level building, it barely matched up to the squalid dingy one-room pub depicted in the series. Interestingly The Greyhound, was at one time a popular music venue hosting the likes of Status Quo, Uriah Heep, Thin Lizzy, The Stranglers and The Jam, by the 1990’s it housed the Cosmic Comedy Club and in its latter years it became a restaurant called The Southern Belle before closing in 2017. Likewise in ‘Three Up, Two Down’ Sam Tyler (no relation) regularly visits his local pub often accompanied by his friend Wilf, the pub itself was a studio set and its exterior was rarely seen in the series, however it does feature briefly in the episode ‘ Love and Death’ when The Swan in Chiswick features as the exterior, which was owned by Charrington at the time of filming. Conversely, a number of pub exteriors feature in ‘Just Good Friends’, The Shepherd & Dog in Rochford appears twice in the episodes ‘Hello Again’ and ‘Guilt’ respectively, and other pubs make single appearances, including The Huntsman and Hounds, Chelmsford in the episode ‘Another Man’ when Vince and Pen have an late evening drink in the pub garden, and The Weir, seen in the opening scene of ‘The Evidence/ His Bottle Went’, it’s location is a mystery but the pair are later seen boating outside the pub so it could be Walton-on-Thames. In the 1984 Christmas Special, a Red Lion pub is also briefly seen, when Les pushes Lennie out the pub. Meanwhile in other sitcoms, pub exteriors can be seen on a frequent basis, such as The Horseshoe Inn in Ratlinghope, Shopshire which stood in for the village pub in The Green Green Grass, which is frequently seen in opening montages or the odd episode such as ‘Lust in Translation’, a Grade II listed building, it serves a good array of local beers including Three Tuns XXX (4.3%) and a simple menu that uses local produce, since filming it has changed ownership, and is now called The Bridges, which was originally the nickname given by locals; the continously rebuilt public house in 'World of Pub' which changes its theme in each episode only to end up getting destroyed, exterior shots used Turner’s Old Star, Wapping, a historic tavern purchased by artist Joseph Turner for his mistress Sophia Booth in 1829, intriguingly the studio-based interior was a faithful reconstruction of the real pub even-down to it's stained glass windows and distinctive oak-carved bar counter replete with pillars supporting a gantry; The Royal Oak, Bethnal Green which was used in most episodes of 'Goodnight Sweetheart' a Grade II listed Truman’s pub built in 1923, as the basis for Gary Sparrow’s time travelling endeavours, for the series it was redesigned in a wartime setting replete with taped windows and Truman’s brewery paraphernalia to suit the program’s period setting, the pub is also shown in the series to have seperate bars (although the public bar is usually only shown in the series) which is accurate to the location during the time period, which had partitions for public and private bars, with additional space for dining and off sales facillities; moreover, The Two Ways in Finnieston, Glasgow which was utilized as the exterior for the local pub The Giblet in ‘Rab C. Nesbitt’, it featured in nearly every episode up to Series 8, the pub (initially called the Finnieston Station Bar) was opened in 1880, by Buchanan, Scott & Company, a consortium that ran a number of pubs in the area. Subsequently in 1960, the company sold off the pub and it was renamed The Two Ways; over a decade after the original run of ‘Rab C. Nesbitt’ ended, in 2009 the pub was taken over by Trust Inns and thoroughly renovated into modern style bar, renamed this time as The Brass Monkey.[1] Perhaps the pub which has the most changes in its outward appearance is the Nag’s Head in ‘Only Fools and Horses’ which has changed its frontage more times than Trigger’s broom, and despite it being set in Peckham, it was never filmed there. The pub exterior is first seen in the closing shot of the Series 2 episode ‘It Never Rains’, when the Reliant Robin is seen parked outside the pub, in this instance The Three Johns, Angel was utilized, the same pub was used again two episodes later in the 1982 Christmas special ‘Diamonds Are For Heather’. The exterior of the Nag’s Head next appears just over two years later in the episode ‘Hole in One’ when the Prince Arthur in Ladbroke Grove was used for the scene when Uncle Albert throws himself down the pub’s cellar and manages to land on pub landlord Mike! Another three years passed before the exterior of the pub was seen again, when it featured in 1988 Christmas special, ‘Dates’, in this episode two pubs in the Bristol area were used as exteriors, The Waggon and Horses in Easton during the scene when Del is dragged out by the police and The Bristol Flyer in Bishopton, which was used for night shots, Another Bristol based pub was used as the exterior in the Series 7 episode ‘Chance of a Lunchtime’ when The White Horse in Bedminster was used for the scene when Cassandra sees Rodney seeming ‘struggling’ with Del’s old flame Trudy outside the pub, then in 1991 Christmas special ‘Miami Twice - The Amrican Dream’ when The Middlesex Arms in South Ruislip was used the exterior. The final exterior used for The Nag's Head in the series was The Granary, Bristol; for the 1993 Christmas special 'Fatal Extraction', it was also used for the cocktail bar in the episode 'Yuppy Love'. Out of the various pub used in the series only The Three Johns, The Middlesex Arms, The Granary and The Bristol Flyer are  still in business. In the space of over a decade the frontage of the Nag’s Head changed seven times, at one point twice in one episode, this surely deserves an award from the local councillor for most transformed pub.[2]


 

There has been the odd occasion where pubs appearing in sitcoms are not what they seem to be, although in recent decades location filming inside pubs (as opposed to just exteriors) has become more prevalent in sitcoms generally, due to production issues or directorial judgement, sometimes the interior of a pub is shot at a different location to the one used for the exteriors. For example in ‘Detectorists’, Andy and Lance’s favourite local is The Two Brewers, a country pub located on the outskirts of the fictional village of Danebury. Many episodes feature the pub, Andy and Lance are often seen have a pint of the fictional Magpie and Treasure Trove beers following a busy day metal detecting, and sometimes they are accompanied by the other members of the Danebury Metal Detecting Club. In reality the pub doesn’t exist as such, the exteriors for the pub were filmed at the Castle Inn in Framlingham, whilst the interiors were shot at the Crown located in nearby Great Glenham. Both pubs are steeped in history, The Castle Inn, a cottage style pub built in the 19th century, it once housed a brewery under the name of Castle Brewery; originally a beer house, it was granted full public house status in 1957, and recently it received a Cask Marque award for serving good quality real ale, whilst the Crown is a multi-room pub, it has stood in the area since the 18th century, although it was later rebuilt, subsequently in 2011 it was threatened with re-development however  two years later this was rescinded when villages found a new buyer, the pub closed again the following year, yet in 2015, Richard and Cheryl Andrews took over the tenancy of the pub, and it continues to run as a free house.[3] Another example of this practise is ‘Scarborough’, most of the episodes are set round the fictionally named pub The Good Ship, where the group of friends meet on a Friday night. The exteriors for the pub were shot at The Newcastle Packet, a Grade II listed building and one of the area’s oldest pubs dating back to the 16th century (although it was later rebuilt in the 19th), its name was derived from the once-lucrative coal shipping traffic stemming  from Newcastle. Meanwhile, the interior scenes for the pub were shot at The Northgate in Sholver Green, Oldham, formerly a Boddingtons pub until 1992, nowadays it is run by Joseph Holt, a major local brewer whom own a number of pubs in the North-West. In some of these instances, the director chose to use different locations due to traffic issues with shooting outdoor scenes outside pubs located on busy high-streets. Alan J.W. Bell was a prolific practitioner in this craft when working on ‘Last of the Summer Wine’, over the years a number of residential buildings were redesigned as pub exteriors in a number of episodes. Occasionally real pub interiors were mixed with fake exteriors such as the episode ‘Howard Throws a Wobbler’, the interior of the real Huntsman Inn, Holmfirth was used for indoor scenes, whilst a fake exterior of a cottage located in a cul-de-sac was utilized as the frontage, since the real pub is located by a busy thoroughfare. In another episode, ‘Happy Anniversary Gough and Jessie’, The Shakespeare, Marsden featured as the exterior of two pubs (with production alterations), one of the ‘pubs’ featured interior location filming at the real pub, and the other a studio mockup. In the 1995 Christmas special ‘A Leg Up For Christmas’, Bell used two pubs to represent a single pub, The Swan was used for interior scenes, whilst the Pennine Inn appears in a brief exterior shot, an unusual practise for the series given the spate of fake pub exteriors utilized in a number of episodes.




Although the majority of pubs that featured in sitcoms up to the late Nineties were studio based mockups. Occasionally production teams would film interior scenes at real pubs on location along with exterior shots, as far back as 1976 interior location filming took place at the Rising Sun in Sharrow, Sheffield where it briefly featured in 'I Didn't Know You Cared?' episode 'A Signal Disaster' which provides a convenient stop-off point for a improtu pub crawl during a works outing. A few years later, in the first episode of ‘The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy’ broadcast in 1981, Arthur Dent is taken by his friend Ford Prefect to his local pub The Red Lion where he informs of his true identity and the Vogon’s imminent plans to blow up the Earth to make way for a hyperspace bypass. The scenes at the pub were filmed entirely on location at the pub of the same name in Hayward’s Heath, which was built in 1874. The pub was once notably visited by PM Harold Macmillan and President Kennedy on the latter’s visit to the country in 1963. Since it featured in Hitchhikers, the pub has been extensively remodelled into an open plan building with an extensive restaurant menu, it is currently run by Shepherd Neame. Other early examples include the 'Watching' episode 'Twitching' first shown in 1988, which was extensively filmed at the canalside pub The Slipway, Burscough where Brenda and Malcolm are on the trail of a contingent of unscrupolus twitchers; the following year in 1989 in the 'Only Fools and Horses' episode 'The Jolly Boys Outing', it features scenes shot at The Roman Galley, Margate which stood in for The Halfway House,  prior to the scene where the coach memorably blows up in the car-park; in the climatic scenes of the ‘Birds of a Feather’ episode ‘Sisters are Doing It’ broadcast in 1992, when Tracy’s philandering boss Bill takes her out to a pub lunch, the scenes were filmed entirely on location at The Three Hammers, Mill Hill, including exterior shots on the nearby Ridgeway when Sharon and Dorien deposit a cart-load of manure on Bill’s car; and in the 'Outside Edge' episode 'Sex ' first shown in 1994, the County Tavern, Nottingham is seen in the opening scenes of the episode when Roger tries to hide from a Bowler whom he recently dropped from his cricket team. Latterly, the likes of ‘Father Ted’ featured location filming at two pubs during its final series in 1998, Vaughan’s in Kelfenoa, County Clare appears in two episodes, it first appeared in the episode ‘Are You Alright There Ted?’ when Ted runs from an angry mob when he’s accused of racist comments about the local Chinese community, he runs into the pub for refuge when he finds a group of Chinese and one Moari having drinks by the bar. The pub appears in the next episode ‘Chirpy Burpy Cheap Sheep’ when Ted is having a chat with an increasingly drunken Fargo Boyle, the pub’s adjacent barn was also used to house the King of Sheep competition that concludes the episode. Later on in the series, in the episode ‘The Mainland’, Ted, Dougal, Jack and Mrs Doyle visit the town of Ennistymon for the day. Jack is briefly seen drinking at Nagel’s Bar following an accidental trip to an AA meeting, a very small one room bar, before he can down his whisky, he is accosted by the AA Chairman, with unfortunate consequences for the latter. It is generally considered that ‘Last of the Summer Wine’ has the most prolific number of pubs featured in any sitcom in history, over 40 different pubs were featured during the show’s 37 year history. Although pub exteriors featured as far back as the series one episode ‘Pate & Chips’ when The Woodman, Huddersfield was featured. For the first decade of the program, real pub exteriors were mixed with fake studio interiors, and it wasn’t until the 1983 Christmas special ‘Getting Sam Home’ when The Shoulder of Mutton, Huddersfield became the first pub in the series to feature both exterior and interior filming. By the start of Series 14 in 1992, production of the series moved to Pinewood Studios, and was shot completely on film which allowed for even more filming on location. From this point onwards location filming at pubs became increasingly the norm, and some pubs became regular filming locations, The Butchers Arms in Hepworth appeared in 31 episodes, first used for night-time interiors in 1981 Christmas special ‘Whoops’ and interiors in the Series 12 opener ‘Return of the Warrior’, although the pub was mainly used for exteriors, it frequently stood in as the interiors for other pubs due to its good number of drinking eras that could resemble a different establishment. The common most pub to appear in the series was The White Horse in Jackson Bridge, which featured in 61 episodes.[4]  It first appeared in night-time exteriors in the Series 8 episode ‘The Woolen Mills of Your Mind’ and interiors in the Series 9 episode ‘Jaws’ which features the first appearance of the near-sighted character Eli, as he attempts to play a game of darts with disastrous consequences for the other customers. The pub was heavily featured during the show’s 1990’s episodes and at one point then real-life pub landlord of The White Horse, Ron Backhouse appeared in 10 episodes broadcast between 1995-2001, the pub last appeared in the Series 26 episode ‘Watching the Clock’, yet it’s link to the series is integral to the show’s lasting appeal, it has even featured in a number of merchandises, including a die-cast model made by Danbury Mint.[5]




With the likes of ‘Last of the Summer Wine’ leading the charge, by the early 2000’s an increasing number of sitcoms moved away from the confines of the studio and live studio audiences. Production teams have gradually preferred shooting on location using single camera setups, this includes pubs of course, and nowadays it is highly likely whenever a pub appears in a sitcom, the interiors and exteriors were likely shot in a real pub on location. For instance two west London pubs feature in 'The Inbetweeners' episode 'First Day', namely The Black Bull, Ruislip, where Will, Simon, Jay and Neil arrive at the pub for a student gathering, where they soon find out that they are at the wrong pub, and subsequently The Black Horse, Eastcote, which features later in the same episode. When pubs appear in TV programs, they are generally renamed by the production team, for reasons generally unexplained. For instance in the 2nd episode of Gavin & Stacey, The Coach & Horses which is Gavin and Smiffy’s local boozer wasn’t filmed in Billericay at all, it was filmed entirely on location at the Colcot Arms in Barry. In later episodes other pubs feature (although in these instances the real pub names was used), in the 5th episode Gavin and his mates are seen drinking at The Ship, Barry at the climax of his stag night, a Greene King pub, it is located towards the mainland end of the causeway to Barry Island; and in the 2019 Christmas special, Bassett Bar was utilized at the location for the main cast’s Christmas Eve revelry. Meanwhile, overseas in Alicante; the scenes filmed at Neptune’s Bar in the long running sitcom ‘Benidorm’ were shot entirely on location at Morgan’s Tavern. Featuring in nearly every episode of the series, unlike it’s fictional counterpart it is a pirate themed bar that hosts cabaret and tribute acts throughout the year, hosting up to 7 shows per night, and although families are seen eating there in the series, in reality it has a strict over 16’s policy. Closer to home, a number of London pubs have also frequently appeared in sitcoms in recent decades, the bar that is popular with the hospital co-workers in the 2nd series of ‘Green Wing’ was filmed at the Fountain Beefeater in Fullwell. In the ‘Only Fools & Horses’ prequel series ‘Rock & Chips’, the Nag’s Head again changed its appearance, when the Pelton Arms in Greenwich was utilized. Not only was it redressed to resemble a pub at c.1960, and unlike the pubs that represented the Nag’s Head in the parent series it was exclusively shot on location (both interiors and exteriors). A classic back-street establishment, it was built in 1844, and the pub maintains many of its historical features including its distinctive l-shaped bar, fireplaces, ornate glass dividers, bar billiards, darts and slew of advertising signs, it is easy to see why the pub was ideally suited for the series. Another London based pub that was extensively used, was The Chandos Arms in Colindale, which doubled up as The Black Boy in Friday Night Dinner. An unfriendly place festooned with a large number of St George’s Flags, it is run by its equally morose landlord Lawrence, whom Jim often calls Mike, and prices are rather disproportionate, serving lager at £3.03 per pint, and £2 for a half. The pub appears in three episodes, it makes its first appearance in the series 1 episode ‘The Curtains' when the siblings Adam and Jonny Goodman forget their wallets and end up sharing half a lager, then in the Series 2 episode ‘The Loft’ when the barman throws out their parents Jackie and Martin out after having an argument, and by the time of its final appearance, in the series 5 episode ‘The Surprise’ it has been spruced up with uniformed staff, and a friendlier table service, when Adam and Jonny try to stall their mother with a unexpected trip to the pub after their father bungles up her birthday plans. Although in the series, its described as being round the corner from their parent’s house, it is located 1.9 miles from the main filming location in Parkshide, Mill Hill; and in real life, the pub nothing like it’s depiction on the show, it is a charming early 20th century building constructed in 1937 that has an extensive range of beers and holds regular live music events, it was even awarded Community Pub of the Year in 2017. The same pub was also featured in the Peep Show episode ‘Man Jam’ where Super Hans invites Jeremy to perform at a gig with his band Man Feelings, at the fictionally named Lord Carrington. ‘Peep Show’ is notable for featuring (after Last of the Summer Wine) the 2nd highest number of pubs included in a sitcom, over the course of its 9 series run a total of ten pubs appeared in various episodes, where the exteriors and interiors were both filmed on location. Going against the usual practise, the pub names remained unaltered, the ones that feature the most is The Oval in Croydon which features in three episodes which served as Jeremy and Mark’s local, and The Adam and Eve in Mill Hill which was included in two. Although most of the pubs in the series were based within London, occasionally pubs outside the metropolis were used, in the Series 4 episode ‘Sophie’s Parents’, The Round Bush in Aldenham was used as the setting when Mark meets Sophie’s parents for the first time. Later in the Series 9 episode ‘Gregory’s Beard’, Super Hans meets up with Mark and Dobby to draft a best man’s speech for his upcoming nuptials. Despite it being billed as located in the middle of nowhere in the episode, it was filmed at The Black Horse in Chorleywood, which is only a short 10 minute walk from its respective tube station. In one notable episode, a pub provided the central premise for the plot, in the Series 3 episode ‘Sectioning’ when Jeremy and Mark’s mentally unhinged friend Merry tries to sells her pub to Jeremy and Super Hans. The latter have a long debate of what to name the pub and eventually come up with a compromise name The Swan & Peado. The filming for this episode was done on location at The Mitre in Hackney, the pub was already closed for 4 years at the time of filming and was sold off for residential housing in 2010.

 


Over the past 50 years, the inclusion of real pubs in sitcoms has gone from fleeting exterior shots to extensive location filming, using both interiors and exteriors. This progression somewhat reflects the changes in production standards when it comes to sitcoms. At one time, all pubs featured in sitcoms were unrealistic studio-based setups that never resembled any real-life pubs, even when exterior filming was introduced in the 1970’s, the studio based interiors failed to match the exteriors of the pubs featured in the outdoor film inserts. As production standards changed by the 1990’s, location filming became more prevalent and by the early 21st century, the confines of the studio and live audiences were gradually eschewed all-together and in recent years, a greater number of pubs have appeared in sitcoms, that were filmed entirely on location. Some of these sitcom pubs still resort to the practise of renaming the pub signs for the purposes of the script although this is increasingly rare, whilst other use the ‘nefarious’ practise of using one pub for exteriors and another for interiors, vaguely reminiscent of the old practise of utilizing fake studio interiors with real exteriors. In this contemporary instance, although sometime used for artistic licence, it was down to location issues with the pub itself that leads production teams to go down this path, as witnessed in the many instances in ‘Last of the Summer Wine’ when director Alan J.W. had to use alternative pub exteriors when the real ones proved problematic, even-though on occasion this led to residential properties being redressed to resemble public houses. Although this can be confusing, fortunately their still a good number of pubs (filmed entirely on location) that are still in business, that have featured in ‘recent’ sitcoms like ‘Friday Night Dinner’, ‘Peep Show’, ‘Rock & Chips’, ‘Benidorm’, ‘The Detectorists’ and ‘Gavin & Stacey’ , so if you’re ever are inclined to do undertake a TV pub tour or visit the watering hole where your favourite sitcom was filmed, then here’s your chance.


Footnotes

[1] In sitcoms that don’t heavily feature pubs, real exteriors can be seen, such as The Six Bells, Bury St Edmunds which featured in two episodes of ‘Dad’s Army’, namely ‘Ring Dem Bells’ and ‘Wake Up Walmington’ respectively; The Latimer Arms, Notting Hill which stood in for the location the Skinners Arms in a flashback sequence in the ‘Steptoe & Son’ episode ‘Loathe Story’, The Windsor Castle that appears in ‘The Upper Hand’ episode ‘Caroline’s First Flight’ despite the location being set in Balham, it was filmed at (the pub  of same name ) in The Meadows area of Nottingham, The Rugby Tavern in Cubbington, which appears in exteriors shots of the ‘Keeping Up Appearances’ episode ‘Driving Mrs Fortescue’ where Hyacinth tries to disguise herself as a window cleaner with disastrous consequences, or The Kebab and Calculator in ‘The Young Ones’ episode Boring, where the housemates meet Vyvyan’s mother who works as a barmaid and see Madness perform ‘House of Fun’. This was filmed at the Cock o’ North in Henleaze, Bristol, which has subsequently become The Westbury Park and Kitchen since being take on by Zazu’s Kitchen Grup in 2016.

 

[2] Other pubs featured in the series, include The Prospect of Whitby, Wapping which features briefly in the episode ‘He Ain’t Heavy, He’s My Uncle’, The New Market, Weston Super Mare in the 2001 Christmas special ‘If Only They Could See Us Now’ and The Roman Galley, Margate which features in the 1989 Christmas special ‘The Jolly Boys Outing’. Named the fictional ‘Halfway House’ in the episode, when the group make a pit-stop en-route to Margate; notably in this instance both the interiors and exteriors were filmed, a rather unusual practise for the show, the pub closed in 2004 and has since been converted into residential housing. 

 

[3] In addition to the main pub, other pubs have also featured in the series, in the episode where Andy and Lance perform at an Open Mic gig event and encounter their rivals the Antiquesearchers; it was filmed on location at The King’s Head in Orford.


[4] Although The White Horse appears in 61 episodes, only 52 of them featured location filming both interiors and exteriors. A further nine episodes featured a studio set, that was a faithful recreation of the pub’s interior, even down to using their real menus which can be glimpsed in some scenes.

 

[5] Other frequently used pubs in the series include the Railway, the Rose & Crown, The Shakespeare and the former pubs The Greyhound, The Railway, The Shoulder of Mutton, The Carriage Inn, The Huntsman and the Monkey.